基于ISM和ANP的航空公司安全绩效影响因素研究

Analysis of the influential factors on the airline safety performance based on ISM and ANP

从航空公司法制监管、安全管理、人员因素和硬件设施建设4方面建立了航空公司安全绩效影响因素指标体系。先用解释结构模型(ISM)分析各因素之间的联系,建立了4级递阶有向图。后用网络层次分析法(ANP)对各影响因素的影响力进行排序,确定了指标的综合权重。结果表明,表层直接影响因素包括安全管理手册、安全管理状况、员工安全意识和飞机运行状况,中层影响因素主要涉及安全政策和目标、安全机构设置、安全文化、安全沟通、机队建设水平、机务维修水平和飞行组织与地面保障水平,深层根本影响因素包括局方安全检查、安全教育培训和安全投入。通过ANP法确定安全管理状况、飞机运行状况、局方安全检查、安全文化和员工安全意识为航空公司安全绩效的主要影响因素。

This article intends to present our analysis of the influential factors on the airline safety performance based on ISM（Interpretation Structure Model）.Our analysis of the factors influencing the airline safety performance is both important for the company itself and for social safety on the whole.For the research about the influential factors on the safety performance has been done as closely as in the fields of coal mines,construction industry,and in the fields of railway and highway transportation and communications.What we have done in this paper is to combine the actual operation characteristics of airlines into an influential factor-index system,including four aspects,such as the airline legal supervision,the safety management,the personnel factors and the proper running of hardware and software equipment and facilities.First of all,we have adopted the interpretation structure model（ISM）,aiming at heightening the complicated interactive relationship within the index system by analyzing the links among the various influential factors and establishing a 4-level hierarchical digraph system.And,secondly,we have proposed building-up an integrated weight system among all the influential forces of the factors in a sequential order by using the method of analytic network process（ANP） for their mutually interactive relationships in business matters.The results of our study show that the directly interactive influential factors may include the safety communication management registration,the safety management situation,the employees＇ safety awareness and the entire aircraft operational conditions,whereas the indirectly correlated factors may principally include the safety policy and targets,the establishment of the safety control and guaranteeing agencies,the safety culture and the safety communications system,the level of fleet construction,the level of aircraft maintenance and the level of the flight organization and the ground commanding efficiency,with the emphasis on the safety supervision exercised by the Civil Aviation Administration of China,along with their safety education and training and safety inputs.What is more,the safety management situation,the aircraft operating conditions,the safety supervision,safety culture,and employees＇ safety awareness are the main influential factors of airline safety performance by using ANP.Thus,it can be said the company should strengthen the management of all the above-said influential factors in hoping to heighten the airline safety performance in an integrated and comprehensive way.