高校火灾时人员疏散行为调查研究

Study on human evacuation behavior in a university fire

通过对高校学生进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 20.0专业统计分析软件,研究高校火灾时人员疏散行为特征与性别、年龄、年级和消防知识及经验的关系,进行频率分析、单因子方差分析和Pearson相关性分析。结果表明:高校火灾时人员疏散行为受性别因子、年龄因子和年级因子影响不显著,受消防知识及经验因子影响非常显著;人员疏散行为与消防知识及经验高度相关,且呈正相关,即随着消防知识及经验方面的丰富,被调查人员的疏散行为趋于有利化。因此可通过丰富高校学生的消防知识及经验,提高学生的逃生、疏散能力,从而减少高校火灾的伤亡。

The objective of this paper is to investigate the human evacuation behavior in fire accidents in the institutions of higher education and bring about our further analysis of the students＇ comprehensive behaviors in fire-emergency.Based on the previous achievements,we have designed a questionnaire in which there are three major parts.The first part is the respondents＇ personal information,including gender,age and grade,in an range from the junior to sophomore.The second part is the respondents＇ idea on fire knowledge and experience,including their experience on fire or fire-fighting drilling,knowledge of fire facilities such as fire hydrant,extinguisher,fire emergency lighting and dispersal indicator.The third part is the respondents＇ likely evacuation behaviors in a fire-emergency,which may include the instant reaction to the fire accident,the method to find escaping route,and some other kinds of behavior,such as helping each others in evacuation,removing the stumbling block on escaping path,searching for different evacuation exits,risky evacuation behavior,and so on.All the questions set up in the questionnaire should be settled to be convenient for the investigators to make scoring,so that it is scientific for the investigators to obtain the final score of each respondent.That is to say,all the layout of the questionnaire should be made concise and clear-cut for measuring the respondents＇ fire knowledge and experience and evacuation behavior.The investigation results of our trial use of the questionnaire have been statistically analyzed by frequency analysis,One-Way ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis in the professional statistical analysis software SPSS and corresponding results gained by the frequency analysis demonstrates the logic realistic distribution of respondents＇ gender,age and grade.The results gained through the One-Way ANOVA analysis indicate that human evacuation behavior is slightly influenced by the factors of gender,age,grade,particularly influenced by their personal fire knowledge and experience.The Pearson correlative analysis results show that there exists a positive correlation between the personal fire knowledge and experience and personal evacuation behavior（p0.01 for all）,which indicates that it is highly probable that human evacuation behavior can be improved significantly by enriching their fire knowledge and experience.