《论语》教育德性思想及启示

Educational thoughts on virtue in Analects and its enlightenment

《论语》是儒家学派的经典著作之一,集中体现了孔子的政治主张、伦理思想、道德观念,也蕴涵着丰富的教育德性思想。其中包括"道"、"德"、"仁"、"艺"全面发展的德性价值目标,"为仁之本"的德性价值取向;培养教育主体的德性忧患意识,"思齐"与"自省"的德性自觉,坚持"敏而好学,不耻下问",好学、善学、乐学、无自欺之蔽,"学而不厌,诲人不倦"持之以恒的德性精神;进而使得教育主体一是具有知、仁、勇的三大德性,以达到不惑、不忧、不惧的德者之德性境界,二是"发愤忘食,乐以忘忧,不知老之将至"的学(教)者之崇高德性境界,三是知命、知礼、知言,具有乐水、乐山,动静相宜的情怀,进而达到"从心所欲,不逾矩"的仁者之德性境界。

Analects as a classical work attributed to Confucius and his contemporaries also contains educational thoughts on virtue.In this book,it is claimed that the goal of virtue education is an all-round development of people in Dao,morality,benevolence and art and the concept of values is based on Ren.Confucius insists that virtue education should teach people to be prepared for adversities,emulate those better than them,never feel ashamed to ask and learn from their subordinates,be insatiable in learning and be tireless in teaching.On this basis,people will develop the three virtues of wisdom,benevolence and bravery;they will be free from perplexities,anxiety and fear,be so diligent as to forget their meals,so light-hearted as to forget all the worries and problems,even aging;they will know their sacred mission(or the objective law) and can do what they would without going beyond what is right.