传统价值取向对心理咨询与治疗中儿童权利的冲击

The Challenge of Traditional Value Orientation to Protection of Children's Rights in Counseling and Psychotherapy

在儿童心理咨询与治疗中,儿童享有获得治疗权、同意治疗权、拥有隐私权和个人名誉权等权利。在心理咨询与治疗中,对于来访者权利的保护已经得到了公认,但作为特殊的群体,儿童在心理咨询与治疗中的权利常被忽视。就中国文化而言,中国传统的价值取向是造成这一现象的原因之一。研究者认为中国人在日常生活中的适应方式是偏向社会取向的,这种社会取向有4个内涵,分别是家族取向、关系取向、权威取向和他人取向。因此,当以西方理论为主要指导的儿童心理咨询运用到中国社会时,必然会受到中国传统价值取向的影响,这些传统价值取向通过对儿童父母或民众观念的影响,进而冲击心理咨询与治疗中儿童权利的保护。

In the field of counseling and psychotherapy for children, every child has the right to receive and consent to treatment, and the right to privacy and reputation. However, as a particular group, these rights of children are ignored frequently, though the protection of clients＇ rights is generally accepted in the field of counseling and psychotherapy. From the aspect of Chinese culture, Chinese traditional value orientation may be one of the reasons. In China, the Chinese daily life is in favor of social orientation, which has four connotations, which are familism, relationlism, authoritarianism and otherlism. Since the modern counseling and psychotherapy is based on the western psychological theory, when propagated to China, it must be challenged by Chinese traditional value orientation. The Chinese traditional value orientation influences Chinese parents＇ or people＇s views, and thus hinders the protection of children＇s rights in counseling and psychotherapy.