一般运输成本结构下渠道协调的成本效应分析

Cost effect analysis on channel coordination under general transportation cost structure

为研究运输成本结构对供应链订货与协调策略的影响,考虑运输商—制造商—零售商渠道的协调优化问题,其中运输商的运输成本与车辆容量相关。假设运输商具有一般运输成本结构,解析了运输商—制造商—零售商渠道上下游联合优化时对系统成本节省的影响。对于计算较复杂的集中式模型提出一种有效的启发式算法,并在此基础上设计出一种有限时间解析算法。假设制造商在供应链中占主导地位,研究证明同时使用数量折扣策略和固定支付计划能够协调整个供应链。为了有效利用车辆容量,该机制并不总是鼓励零售商采取大量订购的策略。通过算例分析验证了相关算法的有效性。

To study the effect of transportation cost structure on supply chain order and coordination policies, a channel composed of one transporter, one manufacturer, and one retailer was considered. The transporter＇s cost was associated with the truck capacity. The impact of channel joint optimization on system cost saving of transporter- manufacturer-retailer was analyzed by assuming a transporter had a general transportation cost structure. For the computationally centralized model, an effective heuristic algorithm was proposed, and a kind of finite time exact al- gorithm was given on this basis. Under the assumption that the manufacturer held the dominant position in the whole supply chain, the effective coordination for the whole supply chain was achieved by employing both quantity discounts and fixed fees payment simultaneously. To use vehicle capacity effectively, the retailer was discouraged to adopt the large quantities ordering strategy by this mechanism. The numerical examples were presented to verify the effectiveness of proposed algorithms.