液压挖掘机工作装置的动态强度仿真分析

Simulation and analysis of dynamic strength of working mechanism of hydraulic excavator

针对在大型正铲液压挖掘机工作过程中工作装置的运动以及零件的应力分布问题,在多体动力学软件MSC.ADAMS中建立了刚-柔、机-液耦合的虚拟样机,其中动臂、斗杆是柔性体,其模态中性文件在ANSYS中生成,其余为刚性体,液压系统在ADAMS/Hydraulics中建立;对整机理论最大挖掘力开展了分析,进行了最大挖掘力普查,得到了工作装置在不同位置产生的最大挖掘力;在ADAMS中对其进行了运动学及动力学仿真,分析了其在相应约束以及负载状态下以最大挖掘力挖掘和以一定效率挖掘,举升工况时部件的应力应变。研究结果表明,该仿真模型比典型的工况方法更全面地反映了工作装置的运动状况和部件的强度状况,提高了计算精度和效率,可以为挖掘机结构设计优化提供较为可信的参考。

Aiming at the problem of the movement process of hydraulic excavator working mechanism and to calculate the load and strength of the part, a rigid-flexible, mechanism-hydraulics coupling system simulation model was built by MSC.ADAMS software.The arm and boom were assumed to be flexible parts, The modal neutral files were buih by ANSYS, while others were treated as rigid.Simulation of hydraulics dynamics behavior was done using ADAMS/Hydraulics.Analysis of the maximal theoretical digging force was done, census of this digging force was carried out . A digging and lifting process of hydraulic excavator with load and constraint were simulated. The research results indicate that this simulation model reports the whole movement processes of the working mechanism and the strong status of the flexible part successfully, which provides a reliable reference for hydraulic excavator design.