制造业集聚、环境技术效率与节能减排

Manufacturing Agglomeration,Environmental Technological Efficiency and Energy-saving and Emission-reduction

本文利用2001～2010年中国制造业面板数据，实证检验了制造业集聚与环境技术效率之间的关系。研究发现，制造业集聚与环境技术效率之间呈“倒u型”关系；较小企业规模和较高生活水平促进了环境技术效率的提高，环境规制和科技投入强度没有增强对环境技术效率的改进，FDI在高环境技术效率组中更易于促进环境技术效率的提高。根据实证结果，政府应从全局上通过制造业集聚转型升级、判识集聚度拐点、发挥集聚优势来实施节能减排；考虑行业异质性，政府应分别采取跨越提升与政府推动、平稳提升与政府鼓励、渐进提升与政府规划、突破提升与政府引导的发展战略来实现节能减排。

Energy-saving and emission-reduction is one of the most important challenges for most countries in the world in the twenty-first century. China, as the biggest developing country in the world, has a dual task： to continue its economical growth on the one hand and solve the relevant environmental problems on the other. Therefore, to seek a harmony between economical growth and environmental protection is the effective path to realize a sustainable development. In light of this background, this research is designed to gather manufacturing agglomeration and environmental technological efficiency （ETE）into a unified analytical framework, to adopt scientific methods to examine the relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and ETE empirically, and to try to seek some new path of energy-saving and emission-reduction, which is of important theoretical and practical value. First of all, on the basis of the research background and literature review, the paper puts forward the question ： does manufacturing agglomeration affect ETE？ Can we find some valid paths of energy-saving and emission-reduction from this affection？ Secondly, based on the panel statistics of China＇s manufacturing industries from 2001 to 2010,we estimate the ETE by the use of the directional distance function and calculate the Gini coefficient which represents the agree of the agglomeration, to probe into the relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and ETE, which provide data support for the hypothesis proposed and the empirical research. Thirdly, based on the anal- ysis of data and by the appliance of relevant theory, we propose the hypothesis ： manufacturing agglomeration and ETE form a downside U curve. That is in the first developing level of agglomeration, the manufacturing agglomeration promotes the degree of ETE ,and there is a positive effect on energy-saving and emission-reduction ;when it comes to the second developing level of agglomeration, with the increase of the agglomeration degree, the ETE decreases, and the effect of energy-saving and emission reduction is poor. Then the research does the statistical description for indicators and builds econometric model, to empirically test the relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and ETE with the full sample data and the disaggregated data, analyze other control variables, and finally verifies the theoretical hypothesis. Fourthly, based on the result of the empirical test, the paper explores the energy-saving and emission-reduction path of the whole manufacturing sample, and designs effective energy-saving and emission-reduction paths on the heterogeneity of the industry which is divided into four categories. The purpose of these designed paths is to provide theoretical foundation for government decision-makers to develop a targeted manufacturing ag -glomeration strategy for sustainable development and energy-saving and emission-reduction, and to be better equipped to solve the problem of how to build a happy and harmonious society with a fast developing manufacturing industry and the reduction of pollution. Finally, this article presents the main conclusions. It is found that manufacturing agglomeration and ETE form a downside U curve ; smaller scale of enterprise and higher living standard can promote the increase of ETE. Regulation in environmental protection and the increasing a- mount of investment did not bring the development of environmental technological efficiency. The FDI in industries with higher ETE can better promote the ETE. Based on the result of empirical study, the government should realize the goal of energy-saving and emission-reduction by transformation and upgrading in manufacturing agglomeration, better judgment of the turning point in agglomeration and developing the advantages brought about by agglomeration. With regard to the heterogeneity between different manufacturing industries, the government should respectively adopt the policies of larger-scale upgrading and government promotion, steady upgrading and government encouragement, step-by-step upgrading and the regulative development, break-through upgrading and government＇s guidance to realize the goal of energy-saving and emission-reduction.