单粒精播对花生活性氧代谢、干物质积累和产量的影响

Effects of Single - Seed Precision Sowing on Active Oxygen Metabolism,Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Arachis hypogaea L.

以小粒型花生品种花育23号为研究材料,在大田条件下对比研究了单粒精播技术对花生叶片活性氧代谢、群体地上部植株和荚果干物质积累动态和产量的影响。结果表明,单粒精播种植可提高SOD、POD和CAT等保护酶活性,降低膜脂过氧化物MDA含量,且单、双粒种植处理间差异达显著水平;花生单粒精播条件下,花生地上部植株和荚果的干物质积累动态相对稳定,干物质积累量和积累速率显著提高;SOD活性与地上部干物质积累速率显著相关,是影响花生干物质积累动态的主要抗氧化酶。本研究说明,单粒精播可通过影响花生花后活性氧代谢水平,尤其是SOD酶活性,延缓植株衰老进程,改善地上部群体和荚果的干物质积累动态,从而促进荚果产量的提高。

Under field condition, Huayu 23 was used as the material to study the effects of single - seed precision sowing on active oxygen metabolism in leaves, dry matter accumulation dynamics of aboveground part and pods, and peanut yield. The results indicated that single - seed precision sowing could improve the activi- ties of SOD, POD and CAT, reduce MDA content, and the differences between single - seed planting and double- seed planting reached significant level. Under single -seed precision sowing condition, dry matter accumulation dynamics of aboveground part and pods were relatively stable ; dry matter accumulation and accu- mulation rate increased significantly. SOD activity significantly correlated with dry matter accumulation rate of aboveground part, so SOD was the main antioxidant enzyme affecting dry matter accumulation dynamics of pea- nut. In conclusion, single - seed precision sowing could slow down the senescence process of peanut plants, improve the dry matter accumulation dynamics of aboveground part and pod, and increase pod yield by affect- ing active oxygen metabolism, especially SOD activity, after anthesis.