小麦不同灌水组合模式优化研究

Optimization Research on Different Irrigation Model for Wheat

试验设4种不同灌水组合模式，研究其对小麦产量、群体动态、穗粒数、千粒重的影响以及水分利用效率。结果表明：潍坊地区产量最高的灌水组合模式为抢墒＋冬水＋拔节水＋开花水，单产达到9222．0kg／hm2；水分利用效率最高模式为：蒙头水＋拔节水＋开花水，达到24．8kg／（mm·hm2）；不同时期灌水对小麦生育状态影响显著，造墒水对小麦苗全效果明显，越冬水则可增加最大分蘖数，拔节到挑旗之间灌水可以增加单位面积穗数，开花和籽粒形成期灌水可增加穗粒数，花后10～20天内灌水可提高千粒重。

The wheat yield, population dynamics, grain number per ear, 1000 -grain weight and water use efficiency were studied under 4 irrigation models. The results showed that the highest yield of 9 222.0 kg/hm2 was obtained under the model with sufficient soil moisture and irrigation in overwintering, jointing and flowering periods. The highest water use efficiency of 24.8 kg/（ mm·hm2） was obtained by irri- gating after sowing and in jointing and flowering periods. Irrigation in different periods had significant influ- ences on wheat growth and development. Irrigation before sowing had obvious effects on full stand of seed- lings. Irrigation in overwintering period could increase the maximum tiller number. Irrigation during jointing and flag leaf developing periods could increase the ear number per unit. Irrigation during flowering and grain filling periods could increase the grain number per ear, and irrigation in 10-20 days after anthesis could in- crease the 1000 -grain weight.