N掺杂多孔碳材料研究进展

Recent progress of N-doped porous carbon materials

通过掺杂氮原子对多孔碳材料进行功能化,可强化多孔碳材料固有的优异性能并赋予其新功能,从而拓宽其在各领域的应用范围。近年来,研究者相继开发了一系列技术方法,已制备得到多种结构特异、性能优异的氮掺杂多孔碳材料。本文基于氮掺杂多孔碳材料的最新研究进展,详细介绍了利用液相模板法、化学气相沉积法、氨气后处理法、化学活化法和水热法等制备氮掺杂多孔碳材料的方法,评述了各种方法的特点及局限性,并简要介绍了该类材料在电池催化、气体吸附分离、储氢及污染气体脱除等方面的应用,指出了氮掺杂多孔碳材料工业应用的规模化制备发展方向。

Functionalization,such as nitrogen atom doping,will enhance intrinsic and/or add new features to porous carbons,thus making the best of their potential applications.Recently,a series of methodologies have been developed to prepare nitrogen-doped porous carbons with special structures and properties.Based on the progress made in recent years concerning N-doped porous carbons,the synthesis strategies for N-doped porous carbon,including liquid template,chemical vapor deposition,post treatment with ammonia,chemical activation and hydrothermal process,are introduced.The characteristics and limitations of various methods are also commented.In addition to the summary of the present applications in catalysis,gas adsorption/separation,hydrogen storage and removal of pollutant gases of these novel carbon materials,the development directions of large-scale preparation of N-doped porous carbons for industrial applications are presented.