草甘膦合成工艺研究进展

Synthesis technologies for glyphosate

综述了国内外合成草甘膦的各种工艺路线和最新研究成果,重点介绍了甘氨酸路线和亚氨基二乙酸(IDA)路线,并结合国内外的实际情况,深入分析比较了这两种路线的优缺点。以氢氰酸为原料的IDA-空气(氧气)催化氧化工艺路线最具竞争优势,国外由于氢氰酸价格低廉而普遍采用这种路线。我国受氢氰酸原料的限制,草甘膦生产目前仍以甘氨酸-亚磷酸二甲酯路线为主,IDA路线为辅,但是随着氢氰酸生产技术的突破,IDA路线终将成为我国草甘膦生产的主流工艺路线。文章还简要介绍了一些新型的具有原子经济性的草甘膦合成工艺,如生物催化法和光化学法等,这些方法都有望在未来得到突破。

In this article, various synthesis routes and research results for glyphosate are introduced. The aminoacetic acid route and the iminodiethanoic acid route of glyphosate are reviewed in details. The IDA-air （oxygen） catalytic oxidation route using hydrocyanic acid as raw materials is the most advanced synthesis route for glyphosate and used widely abroad owe to the low price of hydrocyanic acid. In China, there is no appropriate source of hydrocyanic acid so far, the aminoacetic acid-dialkyl phosphite route still is the main synthesis routes and the IDA route for glyphosate is the second, but the IDA route will become the most primary route as soon as the production technology of hydrocyanic acid gets breakthrough in the future. At last, some new synthesis routes for glyphosate with atom economy are introduced briefly, such as biological catalysis method and photochemical method, which are expected to get breakthrough in the future.