污水厌氧生物处理监控技术研究进展

Research advance of monitoring technologies of anaerobic biological treatment of wastewater

在厌氧生物处理技术中,通过对各类厌氧菌在工艺运行期间的形态变化及其在污泥中的分布的实时监控,合理把握厌氧工艺进程,充分发挥厌氧菌的各自优势,对废水处理效率的提高具有重要意义。本文介绍了厌氧工艺进程实时监控技术的研究进展,从反应器启动运行中常规指标监测、菌群形态学监测方法及分子生物学监测技术三方面对监控技术加以论述;归纳比较了各方法在监测准确度和灵敏度上的差异,并在此基础上提出了将传统监测方法和分子生物学技术进行结合、将荧光探针标记靶点转移到细胞膜表面等建议,展望了分子生物学技术在污水厌氧生物处理监控领域的应用前景。

In anaerobic biological treatment of wastewater, real-time monitoring of anaerobic bacteria morphologic change and distribution in the sludge, and process control are important to increase wastewater treatment efficiency. This paper presented the developments of monitoring technologies processing this area. Determination of conventional indicators of reactor start-up, monitoring methods of bacterial communities＇ morphology and molecular biology monitoring technologies were stated. The differences in accuracy and sensitivity among the three methods were summarized and compared. Combining the traditional monitoring methods with molecular biology techniques and transferring the target of fluorescent probe to the surface of cell membrane were also suggested as possible improvements. Furthermore, the application prospects of molecular biology techniques in the monitoring fields of anaerobic biological treatment ofwastewater were proposed.