厦门大嶝海域填海造地的海洋生态补偿研究

A Study on Marine Eco-Compensation for Land Reclamation from Dadeng Sea Area in Xiamen City

选取厦门大嶝海域的填海造地规划方案为案例研究对象，基于填海造地的负面生态影响分析，对填海造地海洋生态补偿中的3个主要问题（利益相关方、补偿标准核算、补偿方式）进行较全面的探讨。结果显示，补偿主体可能为土地需求方或地方政府，养殖户．港航部门为较明确的补偿对象。其余补偿对象涉及面较广，可由地方政府作为其利益代表；不同贴现率（2％、4．5％）下，生态补偿标准的核算结果为209．6、93．2元／m^2，分别占大嶝岛现行地价的5．6％，2．5％，处于可接受的水平；具体补偿方式可包括资金、资源和就业补偿，对较明确的补偿对象（养殖户和港航部门）可依据宜养滩涂和浅海、港航资源的损失占总损失的比例实行资金补偿，并可考虑对养殖户进行就业补偿。同时，在条件允许的情况下，可在保护区内进行文昌鱼苗种的放流，以增加文昌鱼的资源量。

A reclamation project in Dadeng sea area of Xiamen City was chosen as a case, and three main topics on marine eco-compensation for the reclamation were discussed including stakeholders, compensation amount and compensation approaches based on analysing the adverse impacts derived from sea reclamation on coastal ecosystem services. The results have shown that （1） the compensator may be the land demander or local government; （2） the local seafood culturists and the waterway system management departments were explicit compensation receivers, and for other implicit stakeholders involved, the local government may accept the corresponding compensation on their behalf; （3） the estimated compensation rate was 209.6 yuan RMB/m2 with a discount rate of 2% or 93.2 yuan RMB/m2 with a discount rate of 4.5%, accounting for 5.6% or 2.5% of the current land price at Dadeng Island, respectively, suggesting that the compensation standard could be acceptable; （4） the compensation approaches involved fund compensation, resource compensation and employment compensation. The fund compensation could be used for the explicit compensation receivers according to the corresponding portion of losses, and the employment compensation could be also used for the seafood culturists. If possible, the resource compensation could be taken into consideration, i.e. releasing the cultured Brachiostoma belched fry into the protected area.