高校毕业生的学历与岗位匹配——基于全国高校抽样调查数据的实证分析

Graduates' Mismatch between Qualification and Position: Empirical Study Based on a National Graduates Survey Data

本研究利用2003-2011年全国高校毕业生抽样调查数据分析了毕业生面临的就业环境和就业状况,发现毕业生面临的是一个岗位实际技能需求有所降低但入职学历门槛不断提升的市场,所以出现了越来越多的向下职位挤压和过度教育。研究还进一步分析了过度教育发生的原因,发现追随性求职策略导致能力较弱的毕业生没有竞争优势,进而不能获得适度匹配的岗位;专业人力资本不足的毕业生需要更多的教育信号来证明个人能力,也因此而发生过度教育;更多的教育还可能成为弱势家庭子女弥补家庭社会经济资本不足的一项工具。

This paper examines job market environment graduates faced and their mismatch using data from Higher Education Graduates Employment Survey 2003-2011. The job required skill and education declined but qualification to gain the job rise. More and more graduates downgraded and overeducated in their position. It was found that formable job search strategies of weak graduates brought competitive disadvantage, and thus can not gain matched position. Graduates lack of professional human capital graduates need more education signals to prove personal ability. Surplus education is also likely to become tools for making up insufficient of family social capital for disadvantage graduates.