PISA测试命题与国内初中学业考试命题的比较分析

Comparative Analysis about Item Development of PISA and Domestic Junior Middle School Graduation Exams

保障并提高初中学业考试的有效性和可靠性,是作为高利害性测试的基本要求。而这有赖于学业考试质量保障体系的建立和完善,其中最为重要的是提高命题过程管理及技术运用的合理性、科学性。本文通过在命题过程管理及技术要求(包括难度控制、题型使用、情境使用及评分标准制定等)层面,将初中学业考试与国际学生评价项目PISA测试进行比较。文章指出初中学业考试命题在测试系统的确立、命题技术合理运用及命题空间的拓宽上有待进一步做出努力。

Guaranteeing and improving the validity and reliability of the Junior Middle School Gradu- ation Exams （JMSGE）, Which depends on the academic test to set up and perfect quality guarantee system, is the basic requirement of high stakes testing. It is the most important for quality guarantee system of academic test to improve the rationality and scientific nature on the process of item devel- opment and the use of of technology. Comparing with the Programme for International Student As- sessment （PISA） on process of item development and technical requirements （including control of diffucty, usage of item types and context, formulation of scoring, etc. ）, the paper points out that JMSGE need to improve the establishment of the test system, and item development of JMSGE needs to pay further attention to reasonable usage of technology and broadening of space.