春季低温对冬小麦穗部发育和粒重的影响

Effect of spring low temperature on ear development and grain weight of winter wheat

利用2010-04-12—04-14的自然低温条件,选用36个河南省大面积推广和近年来审定的品种,探讨了春季低温对冬小麦穗部发育和粒重的影响.结果表明,春季低温对小麦穗部发育和粒重有较大影响.与春季低温危害较轻相比,危害严重的总小穗数平均减少0.98个,不育小穗数增加3.32个,小穗不育率增加17.86个百分点,基部小花数降低8.42个,基部小花结实率降低5.90个百分点,穗粒数降低16.01个,千粒重降低2.55g,这些差异均达到极显著水平,其影响程度因品种不同有较大差异.不同受害程度下多数穗部性状差值之间存在显著的相关性.

According to natural low temperature from April 12 to April 14 in 2010, 36 wheat varieties utilized in the production of Henan Province were selected to study the effect of spring low temperature on ear development and grain weight of wheat. The results showed that spring low temperature affected greatly the spikelet development and grain weight. Comparing severe hazard with light hazard,the total spikelets per ear decreased percentage by 0.98, sterile spikelets per ear increased by 3.32, the ratio of sterility increased by 17.68% , basal floret number decreased by 8.42% , the seed set rate de- creased by 5.90% , kernel number per ear decreased by 16.01% , and 1 000-grain weight decreased by 2.55 g. All the differences were very significant, and the influence degrees varied with the different varieties. The correlations between most differences of ear traits were significant.