论地方性疾病认知与处置特点——基于武陵山区四个土家族村落的人类学考察

Endemic Theory on Characteristics of Disease Cognition and Disposal

疾病认知是在特定社会文化背景下人们对于疾病所持的态度。疾病认知差异从根本上决定对于疾病的处置原则和措施的取舍。从四个土家族村落的田野调查来看,自然病因和象征病因构成了土家族的病因观,两种病因观和对应的两套疾病诊断方法,以及三种治疗模式共同构成了土家族的疾病认知体系。这种在实践基础上积累的知识长期维持着土家族的身心健康,保证了土家族的存续和发展。

Disease cognition is an attitude held by the people in certain social and euhural background. The disposal principle and measures for disease is decided by differences in disease cognition fundamentally. From four fields of Tujia village survey, the view on causes of tujia nationality is constituted by natural causes and symbolic etiology. The two views on the cause and the corresponding two sets of disease diagnosis, and three treatment models constitute cognitive system on the disease of Tujia. The knowledge accumulated on the basis of practice long-term maintains the physical and mental health of Tujia nationality and ensures the survival and development of Tuiia nationality.