家长对学龄期儿童体形认知情况及影响因素

Parental perception of school-age children's body images and its influence factors

目的了解湖南省长沙市部分家长对学龄期儿童体形认知情况,分析其影响因素,为今后预防儿童肥胖提供依据。方法于2012年4月对长沙市2 224名4～6年级学龄儿童进行体格测量(身高、体重),根据世界卫生组织2007年体质指数(BMI)评分标准进行体形分组;通过问卷调查了解家长对儿童体形的认知,并采用logistic回归分析认知的影响因素。结果图形估计结果显示,有53.7%的家长低估了学生体形;多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,导致家长对儿童体形认知产生数值低估的危险因素为学生体形较胖(OR=35.763,95%CI=23.745～53.863);保护因素为女性家长(OR=0.623,95%CI=0.400～0.969);导致家长对儿童体形认知产生图形低估的危险因素有居住在农村(OR=1.464,95%CI=1.090～1.966)、学生年级较高(OR=1.272,95%CI=1.067～1.517)、学生体形较胖(OR=32.089,95%CI=16.810～61.255);保护因素有家长受教育程度高(OR=0.870,95%CI=0.773～0.979)、家长体形超重或肥胖(OR=0.578,95%CI=0.403～0.830)。结论长沙市家长对学龄期儿童体形认知存在低估偏倚,应加强宣传教育,使家长能够正确评估儿童的体形并且认识到儿童超重和肥胖问题的严重性。

Objective To explore the parental perception of school-age children＇ s body images and its influence factors among parents of school children in Changsha city, Hunan province, and to provide reference for childhood obesity prevention. Methods A survey with anthropometric measurement（ height, weight）was conducted among 2 224 elemen- tary school students of grade 4 -6 in Changsha city in April ,2012. Body image was categorized based on the WHO 2007 body mass index（BMI） reference standard. The parental perception of the body image was examined with a questionnaire among the parents of the school children and the influence factors of the perception were analyzed with logistic regres- sion. Results The body image rating scale results showed that 56. 1% of the parents underestimated their children＇s body image size. Multiple-factors logistic regression showed that the risk factors for underestimating the children＇s body image was child＇s big body image（ odds ratio [ OR] = 35. 763,95% confidence interval [ 95% CI[ = 23.745 -53.863 ）, while the protective factor was female parent （ OR = 0. 623, 95 % CI = 0. 400 - 0. 969 ）. Residing in the countryside （ OR = 1. 464,95 % CI = 1. 090 - 1. 966 ）, with the child in senior grade （ OR = 1. 272,95 % CI = 1. 067 - 1.517 ）, and with the child having big body images（ OR = 32. 089,95% CI = 16. 810 - 61. 255 ） were risk factors for parental underestima- tion of children＇ s body image,while high parental education（ OR = 0. 870,95% CI = 0. 773 - 0. 979 ） and overweight or obese of the parents （ OR = 0. 578,95 % CI = 0. 403 - 0. 830） were protective factors. Conclusion Parental perception of school children＇ s body image prensents an underestimation trend among the parents in Changsha. We should reinforce the communication and education in the parents to promote the correct evaluation on their children＇s body images for the con- trol of overweight and obesity in the school children.