上海市社区婴儿喂养情况评价

Assessment of infant feeding in communities of Shanghai city

目的了解上海市城区某社区2009年以来的婴儿喂养情况及存在的问题,并提出建议。方法对上海市城区某社区儿童保健系统中2009—2011年原始的儿童常规体检资料进行筛选,筛选出1 789名对象纳入研究,对纳入的儿童母乳喂养持续时间、断奶年龄、辅食添加时间以及辅食添加种类和数量进行分析。结果上海市城区某社区婴儿4、6个月纯母乳喂养率分别为33.0%和22.8%,平均断奶年龄为6.4个月;4月龄前已有61.3%的婴儿添加了辅食,添加辅食的种类较齐全,6月龄内添加3类辅食的婴儿达到54.3%,且6月龄和12月龄时加多类辅食的婴儿体重和身高均高于添加单一辅食的婴儿;但直到12月龄,奶类、谷类和蔬菜的日摄入量仍有52.7%、50.5%、57.9%的婴儿未达到营养学会妇幼分会提出的婴儿食物推荐量。结论该社区的4、6个月纯母乳喂养率低且断奶年龄早;辅食添加存在不合理现象,辅食添加过早、某些种类的辅食添加量过少。

Objective To examine the feeding situation of infants in urban communities of Shanghai since 2009. Methods Totally 1 789 records of children were collected from child health care system in 2009 -2011 and breastfeed- ing duration, weaning age and starting time, type, quantity of complementary food of the children were analyzed. Results The rate of 4 months and 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding were 33.0% and 22. 8% with an average weaning age of 6. 4 months. Totally 61.3% of the children had complementary food from the age of under 4 months. The kinds of com- plementary food were various and the order was appropriate. There were 54. 3% of the children had at least three kinds of complementary food at 6 month. The boby weight and height of the chidren with various kinds of complementary food at ages of 6 month or one year were greater than those of the children with only one kind of complementary food. There were still 52. 7 % ,50. 5 %, and 57.9 % the children did not have sufficient intake of milk, cereal, and vegetables recom- mended by Chinses Associalion of Maternal and Child NuWition. Conclusion The rate of exclusive breastfeeding for the infants aged 4 or 6 month was low and the weaning age was earlier. There were unreasonable complementary food intro- duction such as too earlier and insuffecient amount for some complementary food among the children in Shanghai.