信阳市3～6岁儿童忽视现状及其影响因素

Prevalence of children neglect and its influencing factors among urban children aged 3-6 years in Xinyang city

目的了解河南省信阳市3～6岁儿童忽视状况及影响因素。方法采用"中国3～6岁城区儿童忽视常模"中制定的量表和评价方法,调查1 005名3～6岁儿童忽视状况,采用多因素logistic回归分析方法分析忽视的相关影响因素。结果调查对象总忽视率为31.7%,男童总忽视率和身体忽视率高于女童(均P<0.05);不同年龄组总忽视率和安全忽视率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);三代同堂、核心家庭儿童在总忽视率、情感忽视率、医疗忽视率层面低于单亲家庭和再婚家庭儿童(均P<0.05);调查儿童忽视度为(45.7±6.8),男女童总忽视度差异无统计学意义(u=1.35,P=0.172),但男童身体忽视度高于女童(u=2.95,P=0.002);不同年龄组总忽视度、身体、教育及安全忽视度差异有统计学意义(均P=0.000),三代同堂、核心家庭儿童总忽视度、情感、教育、安全和医疗忽视度低于单亲家庭和再婚家庭儿童(均P=0.000);多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,家庭类型(OR=4.689,P=0.009)、父母亲职业(OR=0.064;P=0.001)、父母亲文化程度(OR=0.130,P=0.000)、父母的关系(OR=4.578,P=0.000)4个因素是儿童受忽视的主要影响因素。结论信阳市3～6岁儿童受忽视程度比较严重,影响儿童受忽视的主要因素为家庭类型、父母亲文化程度、父母亲职业、父母的关系。

Objective To examine the current situation of children neglect and its influencing factors among chil- dren aged 3 - 6 years in urban Xinyang. Methods Scales and evaluation methods from the ＂Chinese Urban Child Aged 3 - 6 Years Neglect Evaluation Norm＂ were used in this study. Totally 1 005 children aged 3 to 6 years in urban Xinyang were randomly selected for the survey. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis was used in data analyses. Results The total neglect rate in the children was 31.7 % （319/1 005 ） ;the boys had significantly higher total neglect rate and body neglect rate than the girls （ P 〈 0.05 ）. There were significant differences in total neglect rate and safety neg- lect rate among the children of different age groups （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The total neglect rate, emotional neglect rate, medical neglect rate in nuclear families and families with three generations were lower than those of in single-parent families and remarried families （ P 〈 0. 05 for all）. The total neglect degree in the urban children was 45.7 ＋ 6. 8. There was no signifi- cant difference in total neglect degree between boys and girls （ U = 1.35, P = 0. 172 ）, but the boys had significantly higher body neglect degree than the girls （ U = 2. 95, P = 0. 002 ）. There were significant differences in total neglect degree, body neglect degree ,medical neglect degree ,and safety neglect degree among the children of different age groups（ P = 0.00t3 for all ）. The total neglect degree, emotional neglect degree, educational neglect degree, safety neglect degree, and medical neglect degree in nuclear families and families with three generations were lower than those of in single-parent families and remarried families（F = 70. 30, P = 0. 000; F = 59. 98, P = 0. 000; F = 43. 11, P = 0. 000; F = 66. 32, P =0. 000; F = 70. 35, P = 0. 000）. Based on non-conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis, the influential factors of chil- dren neglect were family structure （ odds ratio E OR 1 = 4. 689, P = 0. 009 ）, parents＇ occupation （ OR = 0. 064, P = 0. 001 ）, parents＇ educational background （ OR = 0. 130, P = 0. 000 ）, and relationship between father and mother （OR = 4. 578, P = 0. 000 ）. Conclusion The neglect situation of urban children is serious in Xinyang and the main influencing factors are family structure, parents＇ occupation ,parents＇ educational background, and relationship between father and mother.