大连地区潜水捕捞作业人员急性减压病影响因素分析

Influencing factors of acute decompression sickness in diving fishing operators in Dalian city

目的分析辽宁省大连地区潜水捕捞作业人员急性减压病发病情况及影响因素,为相关部门制定相应干预措施提供理论依据,控制和减少急性减压病的发生。方法抽取大连地区沿海6个县区(旅顺口区、金州区、庄河地区、西岗区、甘井子区、长海县)共171家用人单位的642人进行问卷调查。结果 642名潜水作业人员,年度总下水次数392 845次,急性减压病的年发生次数507次,急性减压病的年平均发生率为1.3‰(人次);发病人数488例,占总人数的76%,其中轻度261例,占40.6%,中度91例,占14.2%,重度136例,占21.2%;潜水深度越深,潜水时间及潜水间隔时间越长,急性减压病的发病率越高;从事潜水作业之前对潜水知识非常了解以及潜水后严格规范减压的潜水作业人员急性减压病的发病频率低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。潜水深度(OR=1.112)、潜水方式(OR=3.950)是急性减压病发病的主要危险因素。结论潜水深度、潜水方式可能是大连地区潜水捕捞作业人员急性减压病的主要影响因素,潜水深度越深及重装潜水更易发生急性减压病。

Objective To analyze the incidence of acute decompression sickness and its influencing factors in diving fishing operators in Dalian and to provide basis for prevention and control of acute decompression sickness. Methods Totally 642 diving fishing operators from 171 work places were surveyed with stratified cluster sampling in six districts or counties in Dalian （ Lushun, Jinzhou, Zhuanghe, Xigang, Ganjingzi, and Changhai）. Results The annual inci- dents of acute decompression sickness were 507 person-times, with an average annual incidence rate of 1.3%o. The num- ber of acute decompression sickness patients was 488, accounting for 76% of the all operators. The analyses showed that the incidence of the sickness was positively correlated to dive depth and time. The workers with more knowledge before engaged in diving operations and reducing pressure strictly according to the standards after diving operations had a lower incidence rate of acute decompression sickness. The dive depth and style were the risk factors for acute decompression sickness. Conclusion Diving depth and style are main risk factors of acute decompression sickness. The deep diving and heavy diving are more likely to induce acute decompression sickness.