近世日本对明代兵书与善书的理解接受问题刍议

On the Ming Dynasty Cultural and Ideological Records Spread into Early Modern Japan

明末清初,明代思想文化典籍陆续传入日本,逐步对近世日本思想文化产生影响,本文概述明代兵书与善书对近世日本的影响。兵学思想方面,戚继光的《纪效新书》、《练兵实记》等一批明代兵书于这一时期传入日本并流入民间,成为这一时期日本知识分子的一个重要思想来源。一些民间知识分子开始解读、研究戚法中"节制"等重要概念与选兵、练兵的做法,并在此基础上开始了兵制改革的思考。明代善书在近世日本社会传播过程中,其中的佛教、道教思想与日本神道思想发生了冲突,民间知识分子在介绍传播善书时,运用日本的传统信仰与习俗重新解释善书,善书由此逐步为日本民众接受。研究明代思想文化在近世日本社会传播普及的历史,可以重新认识近世日本在理解与接受明代思想文化过程中进行选择、重新解读与吸收融合的史实。

Since the 16th century, the cultural and ideological records in the Ming Dynasty spread to early modem Japan in succession, which had an impact on early modem Japanese ideology and culture gradually. This article fo- cuses on the influence of military studies and moral instructions in the Ming Dynasty in early modem Japan. In the thinking of military studies, a number of Ming military books spread into Japan, such as Qi Jiguang＇s Jijiao xinshu （meaning for New book of effective discipline） , Record on Military Training. After that, Ming military books flew in folk one after another. Some folk intellectuals started to explain and research Qi＇s discipline ＂abstinence＂ and some important concepts, as weU as the approach to electing soldier and the training procedure, and started the military system reform ponder based on this. Meanwhile, the Ming Dynasty military studies became an important thought origin of Japanese intellectual in this time. There are inconsistencies between Shinto and Buddhism and Ta- oism in moral instructions （ books of persuading beneficence） in early modern Japanese society. When folk intel- lectual disseminated and introduced moral instruction, using the Japanese traditional belief and customs to explain moral instructions, the moral instructions dence of the ideology and culture in Ming of early modern Japan during the process plicated condition that accompanied with were accepted by Japanese folks gradually. Studying the historical evi- Dynasty spread to early modem Japan, we may have a new understanding of accepting the ideology and culture in Ming Dynasty, which had a com- selection, conflict and integration.