晚清中國西學書籍的流通——略論《萬國公法》及“公法”的“知識複製”

The Circulation of Western Books in Late Qing Dynasty: On the Knowledge Copy from the Chinese Translation of Elements of International Law and Other Knowledge of International Law

晚清西學知識的傳播在"知識複製"上呈現出多種形態,是考察晚清書籍史需特別重視的環節。這裏期望結合《萬國公法》及"公法"的"知識複製",以揭示晚清西學書籍在流通上所展現的特質。通過各種"類書"、"提要"的方式對各種書籍進行選擇,是晚清較爲流行的方式,而書籍在多大程度上流通及被士人閲讀,往往與斯時的價值取向有密切關聯,在晚清不得不提及的即是科舉改制的影響。此外,就知識傳播來説,還不可忽略作爲新型媒介的報章發揮的重要影響。對這些因素略加分析,對把握晚清中國西學知識的傳播所呈現的特質,不無裨益。

The knowledge copy in the dissemination of western knowledge in late Qing China took on various types. When we probe into book history during that period,we should pay attention to such facts. This article plans to discuss the knowledge copy from the Chinese translation of Elements of International Law and other knowledge of international law to reveal the peculiarity of the circulation of western books in late Qing. To select various kinds of books in the forms of'leishu( encyclopedias 類書) 'and'tiyao( annotations for short 提要) 'was the prevalent ways at that time. To what extent the books were spread and read was closely related with the values there and then,consequently,we must place emphasis on the impact of the reform of civil service recruitment examination in late Qing. Moreover,we also cannot neglect the important influence of the newspapers as one of the new mediums of the period. By analyzing factors mentioned above,it will be helpful for us to understand the peculiarity of the dissemination of western knowledge in late Qing Dynasty.