云南省干热河谷区成龄葡萄需水特征分析

Analysis of Water Requirement Feature of Mature Grapes in Yunnan Province Dry Hot Valley Area

基于云南省宾川气象站1981-2010年历年降雨量资料,确定2000、2006、2010年分别为降水频率P=50%、P=75%、P=90%(分别应对平水年、中等干旱年和特枯年)的设计典型年。利用典型年的逐日气象资料,采用FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith方法和作物系数法,分析干热河谷区滴灌条件下成龄葡萄年生长期各时段对水分要求的变化特征。结果表明:滴灌条件下平水年、中等干旱年和特枯年灌溉定额分别为2 640、3 460、4 180m3/hm2,设计供水强度分别为3.3、3.3、3.6mm/d;各典型年作物系数基本没有变化,初期(休眠期)、中期(果实膨大期)、后期(采摘期)作物系数分别为0.5、1、0.6。

Based on the rainfall data over the years of 1981-2010 of Binchuan weather station in Yunnan Province, the year of 2000, 2006, 2010 are identified as the design typical years, in which the frequency of precipitation is 50%, 75%, and 90%, respectively, namely flat water years, middle years of drought and drought years, accordingly. With the daily meteorological data of typical years, Penman-Monteith method recommended by FAO and crop coefficient method are used to analyze the variation of water requirements in annual growth cycle period of mature grapes under the condition of drip irrigation in dry hot valley area. The results show that under the condition of drip irrigation, the irrigation quota of flat water years, middle years of drought and drought years is 2 640, 3 460,and 4 180 m^3/hm^2, respectively; the average maximum irrigation intensity is 3. 3.3. 3 and 3. 6 mm/d, respectively. Crop coefficients of the typical year maintain the same nearly, and the early （sleep phase）, medium term （fruit enlargement period）, late （harvesting period） crop coefficient is 0. 5, 1.0, 0.6 respectively.