重庆市城乡儿童6～13岁慢性病患病率及相关行为比较分析

Comparing chronic non-communicable disease and its relevant behaviors between urban and rural children aged from 6 to 13 years old in Chongqing City

目的比较分析城市与农村儿童慢性病患病率及相关行为,为开展有针对性的干预提供建议。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取6～13岁的儿童进行问卷调查与体格检查,比较城市与农村儿童肥胖、高血压检出率、饮食与日常生活相关活动采用卡方检验,比较城市与农村儿童体质指数采用方差分析。结果城市与农村儿童分别调查了803人与727人,城市儿童超重、肥胖与高血压患病率高于农村儿童(P<0.05),城市儿童过去7 d中有6～7 d喝牛奶的比例(59.40%)高于农村儿童(50.20%)(P<0.001),城市儿童早餐通常是豆浆或豆腐脑的比例高于农村儿童(P=0.001),而农村儿童早餐通常是含糖饮料的比例高于城市儿童(P<0.001)。城市儿童早餐在家吃的比例高于农村儿童(P<0.001),农村儿童周末做作业时间在4 h及以上的比例高于城市儿童(P=0.003),周一至周五以及周末农村儿童看电视的时间多于城市儿童(P<0.05)。结论城市儿童肥胖与高血压患病率高于农村,存在膳食不合理的现象,应针对城市与农村儿童的行为特点进行干预。

Objective To analyze the difference of chronic non-communicable disease and its relevant behavior between urban and rural children aged from 6 to 13 years old,so as to provide suggestion for intervention.Methods Children aged from 6 to 13 years old by stratified clustered sampling were interviewed and physical examination were performed.The difference of the prevalence of obesity and hypertension and its relevant behaviors were compared by Chi-square test and variance analysis.Results A total of 803 and 727 urban and rural children were interviewed.The prevalence of overweight,obesity and hypertension among urban children was significant higher than that of rural children（P 0.05）.In the past 7 days,the proportion of urban children had milk or milk products for 6 or 7 days（59.4%） was higher than that of rural children（50.2%）（P 0.001）.The proportion of urban children had soy bean milk or bean curd jelly was higher than that of rural children（P = 0.001）.But the proportion of rural children having sugary drinks for breakfast was higher than that of urban children（P 0.001）.The proportion of urban children having breakfast at home was higher than that of rural children（P 0.001）.The proportion of rural children doing homework for more than 4 hours was higher than that of urban children（P = 0.003）.The time of rural children watching TV from Monday to Friday and weekends was longer than that of urban children（P 0.05）.Conclusion The prevalence of obesity and hypertension among urban children was higher than that of rural children.And the unbalanced diet was common among both urban and rural children.