陶瓷粉尘对女工呼吸系统损伤的研究

Research on ceramic dust on female's respiratory injury

目的探讨陶瓷粉尘接触对女性呼吸系统的损伤特点。方法在前期队列研究的基础上,对某陶瓷企业865名工人进行包括肺功能测试在内的健康体检,收集其职业粉尘暴露史、吸烟和尘肺诊断信息。结果该陶瓷企业女性322人,占总人数的37.22%。其中,接尘女工224人。接尘女工平均尘肺患病率为15.22%,患尘肺潜伏期为(30.0±5.6)年。女工尘肺患病率较男性接尘工人低,但是潜伏期(30.0±5.6)年较男性(32.1±7.4)年时间短。接尘组女工肺功能重度损伤率(27.17%),显著高于不接尘组(12.32%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。瓷厂工人的肺功能障碍率达84.39%(730例),男女性肺功能障碍类型不同,男性限制性障碍是女的2.43倍,女性阻塞性通气障碍是男性的1.41倍,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。女工吸烟且接尘组肺功能重度损伤率远高于不吸烟的非接尘组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.813,P<0.001)。结论陶瓷粉尘职业接触对女工呼吸系统功能造成严重损害。吸烟与接尘对女性肺功能损伤有协同作用。

Objective To discuss the damage characteristics of the ceramic dust on female＇s respiratory system.Methods On the basis of the former cohort study,physical examination was conducted for 865 workers of the ceramic industry,including pulmonary tests,dust exposure history,smoking history and diagnosis information of pneumoconiosis were collected.Results There were 322 females in this ceramic enterprise.The average prevalence rate of pneumoconiosis in female was 15.22%,the incubation period of pneumoconiosis in female was 30.0 ± 5.6.The prevalence rate of pneumoconiosis in female was lower than that in male,but the incubation period was shorter.The rate of severe impairment of lung function in exposed female（27.17%） was significantly higher than that in non-exposed group（12.32%）.The rate of pulmonary dysfunction was 84.39%.The dysfunction type was different between male and female,the restrictive ventilation disorder in male was 2.43 times than that in female,and the obstructive ventilation disorder in female was 1.41 times than that in male.The rate of severe impairment of lung function in female,exposed and smoking,was significantly higher than that in non-exposed and non-smoking group.Conclusion Ceramic dust could lead to serious damage on female＇s respiratory system.Smoking and exposed to dust were synergetic on pulmonary damage in female.