恩格斯忽视人的研究了吗?——恩格斯主要著作中关于人的学说概览

Engels Ignored Studying on Man?——A survey of man's theories in Engels' masterpieces

研究恩格斯不同时期的著作,我们可以充分地体会到:恩格斯关于人的学说的探究,是随着他的世界观的转变而逐渐深化的。关注下层人民的生活状况并带有浓厚的费尔巴哈人本学色彩,是恩格斯早期著作呈现的突出特点。马克思主义人的学说创立后,经常受到"真正的社会主义"、空想社会主义、工人运动中的机会主义等抽象人性论、人道主义思想的干扰,因而,批判这些抽象人性论、人道主义思想的虚伪性,是恩格斯中期著作呈现的主要特点。1883年马克思逝世后,恩格斯在新的历史条件下、结合新发现的文献资料,深化、具体化了马克思主义人的学说中关于两种生产、人与自然的关系、人与人的关系等论述。人的学说是贯穿恩格斯不同时期理论著作中的永恒主题;他不仅关注人的问题,而且终生都以实现人的解放和人的自由而全面发展为价值目标。

Studying Engels＂ works at his different stages, we could find ning gradually with his changes of world view. Focusing living status of out that his studying on man is deepe- roughscuff with heavy Feuerbachg hu- manism, this remains distinctive character of his early works. After its foundation, Marxist human theory was often disturbed by ＂real socialism＂, utopian socialism, opportunism in workers＂ movements, and humanism thoughts. So the major character of his works in middle stage was to criticize abstract theory of human nature, hypocritical humanism. After the death of Marx in 1883, Engels specified two types of production, relation of nature and man, and the relation among men, through combining newly-founded documents and materials, new conditions. Theory of man the eternal theme of works appeared at his different stages. Engels stressed the issues of man and was engaged in realizing man＇s emancipation, free and overall develonment of man.