练习变异性对学习篮球投篮效果影响的实验研究

Experimental Study on Practice Variabilitys Influence on College Students Basketball Shoots Effect

以普通高校大学生为研究对象,篮球运动原地单手肩上投篮为测试技能,探讨练习变异性对不同篮球运动水平大学生学习该项技能的效果。将60名未接受过篮球运动的大一右利手男生作为初学组随机分成三个练习组:固定练习组、变换练习组、固定和变换练习组合练习组;将60名原地单手肩上投篮技术水平相当的大二篮球专选班右利手男生作为熟练组随机分到上述三个练习组。初学组和熟练组分别进行为期四周、每周三次、每次一小时的练习。练习方法为各组规定的练习方法。最后一次练习结束后10分钟,对各组的投篮成绩进行测试,并于48小时后进行保持测试。结果:(1)初学组三组间学习阶段和保持阶段成绩存在显著性差异,固定练习组后测成绩最好,多重比较显示固定练习与组合练习组组间成绩存在非常显著性差异;(2)熟练组三组间学习阶段和保持阶段成绩均存在显著性差异,固定练习组成绩最差,且与其他两组间成绩差异显著。

College Students as the research objects,the basketball shoot with one hand on the shoulders as test skills,explore practice variabilitys influence on college students of the different level of basketball to learn this skill.60 freshmen of right-handed who had not received the basketball exercises as the novice group were randomly divided into the three exercises groups： constant practice group,variable practice group,combined practice group.60 right-handed basketball specialty sophomore students as skilled group were randomly assigned to the three practice groups.Beginner group and skilled group,respectively,for a period of four weeks,three times a week,one hour at a time to practice.Shooting scores of each group 10 minutes after the end of the last practice test,and maintain the test after 48 hours.Results：（1） the novice groups scores of learning stage and keep the stage achievements among the three groups exist significant differences,constant practice group posttest best scores,comparison results are very significant differences between the constant practice group and combined practice group.（2） The skilled group scores of learning stage and keep the stage achievements among the three groups are significant differences,the constant practice group are the worst,and there are significant differences in the performance with the other two groups.