内部行政程序的外部效力——以未经负责人批准的行政行为为视角

The External Validity of Internal Administrative Procedure——From the perspective of “Administrative Action without Approval of Person in Charge of Administrative Organ”

内部行政程序作为行政主体内部运行的程序,虽没有行政相对人的直接参与,但是通过"外化"对相对人的权益产生深刻影响。对内部程序的违反,应视具体行政行为的性质,作出程序瑕疵或违反法定程序的认定,从而判断其具体行政行为的效力。文章以司法实践中的案例为基础,结合现有规范和理论,以理清内部程序的界定与外部效力的判断思路。

As a procedure running inside the administrative organ, imernal administrative procedure has profound influence on rights and interests of the concerned person through externalization, although the concerned person is not directly involved. Violation of internal procedure depends on the nature of specific administrative action, makes the identification of procedural defect or violation of le- gal procedure, thus determines the validity of the specific administrative action. Based on cases in judicial practice and combined with ex- isted norms and theories, this article aims at clarifying how to define the internal procedure and how to judge the external validity.