乌鲁木齐市养老机构老年人自我护理能力与身体、心理健康状况的关系

Relation between self-care ability and status quo of physical and mental health of old people in pension institutions in Urumqi city

[目的]了解乌鲁木齐市养老机构老年人自我护理能力与身体、心理健康状况的关系。[方法]2011年9月—2012年6月,采用整群抽样法从2011年乌鲁木齐市27所登记在册的养老机构中抽取符合标准的377人,应用自我护理能力测量量表(ESCA)、简明健康状况量表(SF-36)及一般状况量表进行调查。[结果]不同教育水平、家庭月收入、曾经从事职业老年人自我护理能力评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同族别、教育水平、家庭月收入老年人身体健康评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同族别、家庭月收入、家庭人口数、曾经从事职业老年人心理健康评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);进一步分析显示,年龄越大、教育水平越低、家庭月收入越少、曾经从事职业层次越低,其自我护理能力就越低,身体、心理健康状况越差;多元线性回归分析表明,老年人身体健康状况的影响因素有自我护理能力、族别、性别,心理健康状况的影响因素有自我护理能力、族别。[结论]自我护理能力是影响老年人身体、心理健康状况的重要因素,提高老年人自我护理能力是实现老年人健康促进的重要方法和途径。

Objective：To know about the relation between self-care ability and status quo of physical and mental health of old people in pension institutions in Urumqi city.Methods：From September in 2011 to June in 2012,a total of 377 old people were selected by using a cluster sampling method who conformed to the inclusion criteria from twenty-seven pension institutions in Urumqi.They were investigated by using self-care agency scale（ESCAS）,short form 36 health survey questionnaire（SF-36） and general status scale.Results：There was statistically significant difference in self-care ability score among old people with different education level,monthly family income and former profession（P0.05）.There was statistically significant difference in physical health score among old people with different tribes,educational level and monthly family income（P0.05）.There was statistically significant difference in mental health score among old people with different races,monthly family income,family members and former profession（P0.05）.Further analysis showed that the greater the age,the lower the level of education,the less the family income,the lower the occupation level,the lower their self-care ability was and physical and mental health was worse.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of the health status of the elderly included self-care ability,race and gender;influencing factors of mental health included self-care ability and race.Conclusion：Self-care ability is an important factor affecting status quo of physical and mental health,so to improve self-care ability of the elderly is important methods and approaches to achieve elderly health promotion.