管窥越南的权力监督改革——基于路径依赖的视角

A Glimpse of Vietnam's Power Supervision Reform——from the Perspective of Path Dependence

越南的权力监督改革主要缘于正式规则的连续性累积作用,非正式规则的渐进、内生式影响以及特殊利益集团保持制度变迁惯性的推动力。其中,宪政制度、国家治理模式与融合型文化及宗教信仰的结合,共同奠定了多元监督之基,而顶层设计的缺失和意识形态之争又为其凭添变数;全局视域下,经济体制转型和权力格局的调整,共同构筑了越南权力监督改革的稳定性,而法律规制效果欠佳、权力崇拜与服从型政治文化以及权力红利的存在则是改革渐进性的重要原因;特殊利益集团关于权力监督的态度认知和风险成本,使内发式监督陷入困境,执政党的外部效应成为决定改革成败的关键。

Power supervision reform is a strict institutional change and reconstruction process. From the perspective of path dependence, Vietnam＇s power supervision reform mainly due to the continuity of formal rules, progressive, endogenous effects of informal rules and special interest group to maintain the original system impetus. Among them, the constitutional government system, governance mode, mixed culture, reli- gion, lays the foundation for multiple power supervision, and the lack of top-level design and ideological struggle create uncertainty; Overall perspective, the economic system transformation and adjustment of power structure, together build stability of the power supervision reform in Vietnam, the inefficiency of the legal regulation, power worship and the obey political culture, the existence of power bonus are important reasons of the gradual reform; The cognition and risk cost of Special interest groups on power supervision make within supervision impossible. The external drive of the ruling party is the key to the success of the reform. For our country, we should not blindly worship power supervision reform in Vietnam, learn from each other, harmony but not sameness, is should be a rational approach.