吸鱼泵的主要结构型式及其应用前景分析

Technical features and application prospect of fish pump in China

本文介绍了近年来国内外吸鱼泵的主要应用领域和发展前景,吸鱼泵作为远洋捕捞和网箱养殖业的机械化设备,可以快速输送渔获物,改变了过去人工处理费时费力的状况。确保鱼体无损伤并提高存活率是目前吸鱼泵研究的重点。本文讨论了离心式、真空式和射流式吸鱼泵主要机型的结构形式、技术特点和性能水平;并结合各种鱼泵的结构形式说明其优缺点,分析其在我国淡水养殖、深水网箱养殖、远洋捕捞以及渔业资源保护监测中的应用前景和改进措施,以期推进吸鱼泵在国内的普及应用,提高渔业机械现代化水平。

The application field and prospects for development of fish pump at home and abroad were reviewed. As a mechanical tool used for deep-sea fisheries and cage aquaculture, fish pump makes fish harvest and transfer more effective, reduces time and labor costs and improves product quality. At present, the focus of fish pump design is damage-free transfer and survival rate improvement. Though fish pumps are widely used in many other countries, the application of pumps in China is rare and few fish pumps have been designed commercially. To promote the widely use of fish pump domestically, the technical features and performance levels of the main models including centrifugal pump, vacuum pump and jet pump were discussed; the main application of fish pumps in freshwater aquaculture, cage aquaculture, deep-sea fisheries, fishery resources protection and monitor were analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of different types of fish pumps were discussed.