《淮南子》“悲”、“乐”论与风俗批判

The Theory of "Sadness" and "Happiness" in Huainanzi and Custom Criticism

"悲"与"乐"是《淮南子》一书的主要论题之一。《淮南子》"悲"、"乐"论主要包括以下三个方面的问题:一是何谓悲,何谓乐,二是如何处理悲、乐之名与悲、乐之实的关系,三是悲、乐与治身、养民的关系。《淮南子》"悲"、"乐"论有一个颇值注意的地方,这就是作者的悲乐观是作为世俗悲乐意识的对立面提出来的,包含着浓重的风俗批判成分。正面说理和风俗批判的结合,使《淮南子》"悲"、"乐"论既有理论的高度和深度,又有现实的针对性、文笔的鲜活性以及愤世嫉俗的情感色彩,表现出相当大的思想活力和文学魅力。

The problem about 'sadness' and 'happiness' is a main topic in Huainanzi.It mainly includes the following three aspects: what is sadness,and what is happiness;how to deal with the relationship between the name and the essence of sadness and happiness;the influence of sadness and happiness on one's body and people management.The theory of 'sadness' and 'happiness' in Huainanzi has a point which is worthy of note,that is the author's views about sadness and happiness are put forward as an opposite aspect to secular views about them,thus the theory contains many components of custom criticism.The union of positive argument and custom criticism makes Huainanzi not only has theoretical height and depth,but also has realistic pertinence,a vivid style of writing and emotional color of cynicism,which gives Huainanzi considerable ideological vigor and literary charm.