国家利益实践还是文明对话?——理解公共外交的一个分析视角

The Practice of National Interests Vs Dialogue among Civilizations:Analytical Perspective for Understanding Public Diplomacy

公共外交承担着国家利益实践和文明对话的双重任务,实质是二者互动的产物。公共外交作为一种增进彼此对话与沟通的文化交流机制,有助于缓减存在的文明冲突,但在公共外交背后始终存在一个政府谋取国家利益的影子,通过输出文化、国家理念和制度而获取国家利益。公共外交作为二者的工具在目标取向上存在一定的差距。文明对话的内在趋势是公共外交展开行动的结构背景,其目标受制于结构的约束,但作为一个行动者受国家利益的内在意志驱使一直存在突破结构限制的动力,二者始终保持着一种内在的结构张力,导致公共外交在二者相互促进、相互钳制的矛盾中向前发展。

Public Diplomacy,bearing the dual task of the practice of national interests and dialogue among civilizations, is the product of interaction of the two.Although public diplomacy as a cultural exchange mechanism of enhancing dialogue and communication is able to help abate civilization conflict,there has been the shadow of a government to seek the national interests behind public diplomacy,that is the pursuit of national interests through exporting culture,national concepts and economic and political institutions.Since public diplomacy is a tool of both,there has been a gap between their target orientations.The inherent tendency of dialogue among civilizations is the structural background of public diplomacy in action and its goal is subject to constraints of the structure,but as an actor driven by inherent power of national interests there has been a motivity to break through the structural constraint.The two have always maintained an inherent structural tension,leading to the development of public diplomacy in the contradiction between mutual promotion and mutual constraint.