职业教育目的的矛盾关系——中外职业教育目的观述评

The Contradictions on Purposes of Vocational Education——A Review on Chinese and Foreign Ideas of Purposes of Vocational Education

在中外教育思想史上,因价值选择的差异形成了不同的职业教育目的观,这些目的观揭示了职业教育目的及其实践的两难矛盾,包括社会本位与个人本位矛盾;职业本位与生活本位矛盾;专门性与通识性矛盾;永恒性与动态性矛盾。这四组矛盾关系给职业教育实践提供了诸多启示:职业教育应将人的生存发展需要与经济社会发展需要有机结合;职业教育应由为"职业"做准备转向为"职业生活"做准备;专门性的职业教育也应融入通识教育的理念和内容;以市场需求为导向的职业教育也有永恒的价值追求。

In Chinese and foreign educational thought history, there are various ideas on purposes of vocational education because of diverse value choice, which reveal the dilemma of the purposes of vocational education and the practice includ- ing the conflicts of Social Standard VS Individual Standard, Occupational Standard VS Living Standard, Specialization VS Generalization; Dynamic Purposes VS Eternal Purposes. Some inspirations can be summarized from the conflictions. Firstly, the individual survival and development needs and the economic and social development needs should be effectively com- bined in vocational education. Secondly, vocational education should be changed from preparing for occupations to prepar- ing for occupational living. Thirdly, specialized vocational education should also be integrated into the concept and content of general education. The last, the market demand-oriented vocational education should have eternal pursuit of values.