新中国初期半工半读教育的形成及其实现形式

The Conformation and Its Realizing Forms of the Work-study Program Education in Early Years of the People's Republic of China

新中国五六十年代半工半读教育制度,绝非是一种简单的教育制度。把普及工农教育作为教育目标、树立劳动观念作为政治目标、发展生产作为经济目标、文化革命和技术革命作为科技目标,以勤工俭学作为行进路线、产教融合作为主要载体,工学结合作为主要形式,政治动员作为主要策略、快速跃进作为助推力来发展的。由于社会赋予了太多的功能,加上政治推动、又多又快,且在各类教育中泛化发展必然导致大起大落,但其在职业教育领域中试行学校办工厂、工厂办学校、产教融合、工学结合、服务生产、以产养教的做法,对指导职业教育的发展具有重要现实意义。

The system of work-study program education in 1950s and 1960s of the People＇s Republic of China is not a simple education system. It has been developed by establishing educational aim of popularizing education for workers and peasantry, establishing political aim of setting up working concept, establishing economical aim of developing industry, es- tablishing scientific and technological aim of culture and technology revolution, defining the advancing route of work-study program, establishing the main cartier of merging of industry and education, establishing the main form of combination of working and learning, adopting the main strategy of political mobilization, and using the boost power of high-speed prog- ress. Because there are too many tasks from the society, the many fast political pushing, and the generalization develop- ment of every type of education, the ups and downs was necessary. But the practices of trying school＇s running factories, factory＇s running a school, merging of industry and education, combination of working and learning, serving producing, sup- porting education with industry, especially the practice of understanding and developing it as a link of socialized large-scale production, are important to direct the development of vocational education in reality.