电离辐射对放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率的影响

Effect on cytogenetics of stuffs exposed to radiation by occupational exposure

目的探讨从事电离辐射人员细胞遗传学改变,评价电离辐射对工作人员的损伤状况,为辐射的防护提供依据。方法取受检者外周血,常规制备淋巴细胞染色体,镜下计数淋巴细胞染色体畸变率,评估电离辐射的生物学效应,并对不同性别、不同年龄、不同工龄、不同工种的工作人员进行比较分析。结果观察组外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率高于对照组[(0.65±0.21)%vs(0.23±0.09)%,P<0.01],随着年龄的增加、工龄的延长,染色体畸变率增加更为显著。不同性别放射工作人员淋巴细胞染色体畸变率比较,差异无统计学意义[(0.64±0.24)%vs(0.67%±0.26)%,P>0.05)]。医学应用组染色体畸变率高于工业应用组[(0.75±0.27)%vs(0.58±0.19)%]。淋巴细胞染色体畸变率与年龄和工龄显著相关(r=0.413,P<0.01;r=0.411,P<0.01)。结论电离辐射可诱导人类细胞遗传学的改变,使外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率增高,工龄、年龄越高受影响越大。医务人员淋巴细胞染色体畸变率高于工业应用组。

Objective To study the chromosomal aberration rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes among medical staffs exposed to radiation in Xiamen. Methods Medical staffs exposed to radiation in the hospitals of Xiamen were studied. Micronu cleus rate were analyzed. Results Lymphocyte chromosomal aberration rate in stuffs exposed to radiation was higher significant- ly than that in controls （0.65-0.21） % vs （0.23-0.09） %, P〈0.01. There was no significant difference observed between male and female stuffs F （0. 64±0.24）% vs （0.67%±0.26）%, P〉0.05）. Lymphocyte chromosomal aberration rate in medi- cal stuffs was higher significantly than that in the stuffs of industry group （0.75±0.27） % vs （0.58±0.19） %, P〈0.01）.Higher chromosomal aberration rate was observed in stuffs with older age or longer length of service. Lymphocyte chromosomal aberration rate was associated significantly with age （r=0.4t3, P〈0.01）. and service time （r=0. 411, P%0.01）. Conclusion Lymphocyte chromosomal aberration rate of stuffs exposed to radiation increased in Xiamen, and more in medical stuffs than the industrial stuffs. Lymphocyte chromosomal aberration rate was associated significantly with age and service time.