激光破岩机理及其影响因素分析

Mechanism and Influencing Factors of Laser Rock Fragmenting

激光破岩是一种新型非接触式物理破岩方法,其破岩速度远高于传统的高压水射流辅助机械破岩方法。介绍了激光破岩的相关概念,详细地分析了激光破岩的物理过程及破岩机理,论证了岩石热破碎是效率最高的破岩方式,并介绍了激光与岩石相互作用过程中岩石内部的温度与应力的分布。最后,结合岩石和激光的性质,解释了岩石物理性质(热导率、裂缝、矿物组成和胶结强度)和激光特性(射束直径、平均功率、辐射时间和激光波长)对激光破岩的影响。

Rock fragmenting by laser is a new non-contacting physical method to destruct rock, with a breaking rock rate much higher than that of conventional high pressure water jet assisted mechanical rock fragmenting. The paper introduced related con- cept about laser rock fragmenting, analyzed in detail the physical process and rock removal mechanisms, demonstrated the thermal fragmenting is the most efficient method for rock fragmenting, and introduced the inner temperature and stress distribution in rock dur- ing interaction between rock and laser. Finally, the paper explained the impacts to laser rock fragmenting from the rock physical prop- erties （thermal conductivity, fissures, mineral composition and ce- menting strength） and laser parameters （laser beam diameter, aver- age power, radiation time and wavelength）.