陶瓷企业接尘工人肺功能研究

Change of pulmonary function of workers occupationally exposed to ceramic dust

目的探讨陶瓷粉尘作业工人肺功能损伤的特征。方法采用美能（日本）AS507型肺功能仪，测定某陶瓷厂“无尘肺”的967名接尘工人（接尘组）和197名非接尘健康工人（对照组）的肺通气功能。结果陶瓷粉尘总尘浓度为0．10～2．95mg／m3，总尘浓度超标率为14．29％，呼吸性粉尘浓度超标率为3．57％；粉尘中游离SiO2含量为21．3％～43．0％。接尘组VC、FVC、FEVI、FEV1％、FEF25％和FEF50％的数值均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）.接尘组肺通气功能损伤和小气道损伤的发生率均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。接尘的吸烟者VC、FEV1FEVI％数值与非吸烟者相比，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。接尘工人肺通气功能损伤发生率为7．45％（72／967），其中轻度损伤者占98．61％（71／72），限制性肺通气功能损伤占97．22％（70／72）。结论陶瓷粉尘可引起接尘工人肺功能的损伤，其损伤程度以轻度为多，损伤类型以限制型损伤为主。肺功能损伤主要与粉尘、接尘工龄、工种和吸烟等因素有关。

Objective To observe the characteristics of pulmonary function damage in workers occupationally exposed to ceramic dust. Methods The pulmonary ventilation function was detected among 967 workers exposed to dust in a ceramics factory and 197 healthy workers as control, using SNMC （Japan）AS507 pulmonary function instrument. Results The total dust concentrations of ceramic dust varied from 0.10 to 2.95 mg/m3 at workplaces, 14.29% samples were not complicance with the OELs, while the respirable dust concentration of 3.57% samples was higher than the OEL value. The free silica content in the dust varied from 21.3% to 43%. The pulmonary ventilation function indicators, VC,FVC,FEV 1,FEV 1%,FEF 25% and FEF 50% were significantly lower in the exposed group than those in the control group（P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. Incidences of both pulmonary function damage and small airway damage were higher than those in the control group （P 〈 0.05 ）. The smokers in the exposed group had a low value of VC,FEV1 and FEVI%, compared with non-smokers （P 〈 0.01 ）.The incidence of pulmonary ventilation function damage among exposed workers was 7.45%（72/967）, and among them 98.61%（71/72） cases were mild and 97.22% （70/72） cases showed lung volume restriction. Conclusion Ceramic dust can cause the damage of pulmonary function of workers exposed to dust. The damage was mild at present and most cases had lung volume restriction. The exposure time, the exposure level （represent by the job title） and smoking behavior played important roles in change of pulmonary function.