“(如)X许”比拟式与“许”的助词化

The Diachronic Study of the Likening Structure ( ru )(如)Xxu (许) and the Development of the Particle xu

魏晋时期开始出现的"(如)X许",是一种用比拟来表达性状特征的结构式。"(如)X许"表示"如X般/样","许"具有助词性质。本来表示空间范围的"许"用于"如X"的指物名词X后形成"(如)X许"结构式,在语境诱导下"许"发生由空间方位到空间特征的次范畴转移而成为比拟助词。从晚唐五代开始,"(如)X许"又出现了新的变化,由客观比拟衍生出主观强调功能,主观化为性质、程度表达式,"许"更趋于虚化为强调标记。

The structure ( ru )(如)Xxu(许),first seen in the periods of Wei and Jin dynasties,is a syntactic pattern expressing properties and characteristics via likening and comparing ,which can be roughly paralleled with like the kind or feature of X ,with the morpheme xuas the likening particle.Located in context of the ( ru ) X xulikening structure ,the particle xudecategorized from the spatial domain to the space-related property domain ,as an effect of the context-induced reinterpretation.From the Tang dynasty onwards at the latest ,the likening structure ( ru ) Xxufurther developed from an objective comparison to a subjective emphasis pattern ,and xutend to grammaticalize into a marker of subjectivity.