城市面源污染物排放量监测技术方法研究

Methods of Urban Non-point Source Pollutant Emissions Monitoring

我国城镇化水平快速发展,基础化设施建设不完善,城市面源压力较大,但我国城市面源研究和管理均较滞后。城市面源污染呈现初始冲刷效应,并且不同城市下垫面和不同功能区的污染特性有比较明显的差异。基于对城市面源污染特征的研究,按照城市面源的形成与转移过程,针对城市面源不同尺度的体现,文章提出3种城市面源污染物排放量监测方法:基于城市下垫面监测、基于雨水/雨污合流排放口、基于地表径流监测的排放量监测。这3种方法之间存在逻辑校验关系,又存在各自的适用条件,在有条件的地区运用不同方法进行监测,并根据实测结果优化布点、频次等监测方案,从而形成较为规范的城市面源监测方法,具有现实意义。

The urbanization develops rapidly in China, with imperfect construction of infrastructure facilities and great pressure of urban non-point source pollution, however the research and management of urban non-point source relatively lag behind. Urban non-point source pollutant presents a first flush effect. Besides, there is obvious differences of urban non- point source characteristics in different city underlying surfaces and different functional areas. Based on the research of the characteristics of urban non-point pollution, according to the process of formation and transfer of urban non-point source, and the manifestation of different scales for urban non-point source, this paper puts forward the methods of urban non-point source pollutant monitoring based on urban underlying surface, outfall of rain or sewage, monitoring of surface runoff. These three methods have relations and respective applying conditions. In the area where conditions permit, it is significant to form a standardized method of urban non-point source pollutant emissions monitoring by using different methods and optimize stationing and frequency based on the measured results.