欧盟国家控制固定点源大气污染的政策工具及启示

Fixed Point Source of Atmospheric Pollution Control Policy Tools in EU Countries and Its Implications for China

我国的节能减排和大气污染防治政策取得了一定的成效,但近期在京津冀、长三角等地区出现的雾霾天气说明我国大气污染情况依然严峻。雾霾天气产生的主要原因为固定点源和流动源污染气体的排放,其中热电、化工、钢铁等工业企业排放的废气是固定源大气污染的主要来源。本文重点介绍了欧盟国家防治固定点源大气污染的主要政策工具,分析了近年来我国控制固定点源大气污染的政策及其效果,在比较各类型政策工具的特点和适用条件的基础上,提出了欧盟国家政策对我国控制大气污染的启示及未来我国政府可能采取的政策选择。

In recent years, the policy of energy conservation and emissions reduction and the prevention and control of atmos- pheric pollution in our country have obtained a certain result, but the recent appeared fog haze weather in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River delta and other regions presents that situation of air pollution in China is still grim. The main reason for Fog haze weather is fixed point source and flow source pollution emissions, and the exhaust gas of stationary source from thermal power, chemical, steel and other industrial enterprises is the main source of air pollu- tion. This paper mainly introduces the main prevention and control policy tools of the fixed point source atmospheric pollution in the EU country, the analysis of relative policy in China in recent years and its effect, the comparison of all kinds of policy tools on the basis of the characteristics and applicable conditions, the proposed EU policy enlighten- ment for air pollution control in our country and the future policy choices may to be taken by our government.