2004-2012年浙江省衢州市风疹流行特征分析

Epidemiology of rubella in Quzhou,Zhejiang,2004 to 2012

目的分析浙江省衢州市2004-2012年风疹流行病学特征,研究控制策略。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》、《突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统》和《浙江省免疫规划信息系统》资料进行分析,运用集中度和圆形分布法研究疾病的时间分布特征。结果衢州市2004-2012年累计报告风疹2661例,年平均发病率为11.96/10万,不同地区间发病差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),发病高峰集中在4月28日左右。<6岁发病构成呈上升趋势,而≥6岁发病构成呈下降趋势。散居儿童发病构成比呈上升趋势,学生发病构成比呈下降趋势。42%的病例无免疫史,接种1剂风疹类疫苗的抗体保护时间远低于接种2剂及以上风疹类疫苗或接种1剂麻疹疫苗和1剂麻腮风疫苗。结论近年来衢州市风疹维持在较低水平。加强疫情监测,提高易感人群风疹疫苗免疫覆盖率,适时开展育龄妇女的风疹加强免疫是控制乃至消除风疹的有效手段。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Quzhou, Zhejiang province, from 2004 to 2012 and provide evidence for the development of rubella elimination strategies and measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of rubella reported through notifiable communicable disease reporting system, public health emergency reporting system and Zhejiang surveillance system of children immunization. Results A total of 2661 rubella cases were reported in Quzhou during this period, the average annual incidence was 11.96/lakh, The incidence rate of different areas had statistic significance （ P 〈 0.05 ）, the incidence peak was around 28 April of a year. The incidence increased in age group 〈 6 years but declined in age group 〉 6 years. The incidence increased in children outside child care settings but declined in students. Up to 42% of the cases had no rubella vaccination history, The protection time of one dose rubella vaccine was shorter than those of two dose rubella vaccine, one dose measles vaccine or one dose MMR vaccine. Conclusion The incidence of rubella remained to be low in Quzhou in recent years. It is essential to strengthen disease surveillance, increase immunization coverage in risk population and conduct rubella immunization activity in child bearing aged woman to control and eliminate rubella