2011—2012年广东省五华县狂犬病暴露人群监测分析

Monitoring and analysis of population exposed to rabies in Wuhua County of Guangdong from 2011-2012

目的了解五华县狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征及暴露后处置情况,为狂犬病防制工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述通过流行病学方法,对2011—2012年五华县狂犬病暴露人群监测资料进行统计分析。结果 2011—2012年五华县共报告接诊狂犬病暴露人员24 728例,年均暴露率930.72/10万,男女性别比为1.18∶1;儿童少年组和中老年组暴露人数最多,分别占39.64%和33.83%;职业以农民居多,占47.68%;暴露时间以夏秋季为主;伤口以下肢最多,占54.10%;伤口分级以Ⅱ级为主,占54.13%;致伤动物犬占80.92%,猫占15.89%;伤后24 h内就诊者占82.16%;11.67%的Ⅲ级暴露人员接种了人狂犬病免疫球蛋白。结论预防狂犬病首先要加强农村犬猫的管理和免疫,普及狂犬病预防控制知识,还要加大对中老年和儿童、学生等高危人群的关注和保护,提高新农村合作医疗补偿标准并将人狂犬病免疫球蛋白纳入补偿范围,促进狂犬病暴露后医学处理的可支付性。

[ Objective ] To understand the epidemiological characteristics of population exposed to rabies as well as the status of post-exposure prophylaxi in Wuhua County, provide scientific basis for rabies control and prevention. [ Methods ] The monitoring data of population exposed to rabies in Wuhua County from 2011-2012 were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiology method. ,[ Results ] A total of 24 728 cases exposed to rabies were reported in Wuhua County from 2011-2012, and the average annual exposure rate was 930.72/lakh. The ratio of male-to-female was 1.18： 1, while children and aged people respectively accounted for 39.64% and 33.83% of total people exposed to rabies. Most of eases were farmers （47.68%）. The peak season was summer and autumn. 54.10% of wounds occurred in lower limb, and 54.13% of wounds were grade II （ 54.13% ）. 80.92% of injuries were caused by dog, and 15.89% by cat. 82.16% of cases visited the hospitals within 24 hours after exposure, and only II. 67% of patients with grade III injury were injected human rabies immunoglobulin. [ Conclusion] Measures to control rabies should be focused on the management of dogs and cats in rural area, popularization of rabies prevention knowledge, and improving the protection of high risk group, such as aged people, children and students, enhancing the compensation standard of new rural cooperative medical system, including the human rabies immunoglobulin in compensation range, and raising the availability of post-exposure treatment.