十堰市2所高校学生营养状况、态度及饮食行为调查

Investigation on the nutritional status,attitudes and dietary behaviors of the students in two colleges of Shiyan City

目的了解十堰市高校大学生营养状况、态度及饮食行为,为开展营养健康教育提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法对该市2所高校在校大学生进行问卷调查,采用自行设计的营养状况、态度及饮食行为调查问卷,对2所大学问卷结果进行比较分析。结果医学生489名,师范生292名,共781名。781名学生中营养不良229名(29.32%),营养正常518例(66.33%),营养过剩34例(4.35%);医学生营养不良发生率(31.08%)高于师范生(26.37%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);营养过剩发生率师范生(6.51%)高于医学生(3.07%)(P<0.05)。大多数学生具有较好的营养态度,医学生营养态度明显优于师范生,除"凭借口感选择食物"和"认为现在膳食不合理"2项问题外,其余问题的回答医学生与师范生比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。仅23.52%的医学生和8.90%的师范生参加过与营养知识有关的活动。781名学生中有28.94%的学生不吃早餐;不吃早餐师范生的比例高于医学生,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。无论是医学生还是师范生不吃早餐的学生较吃早餐的学生更容易发生营养不良(P<0.05)。结论该市高校学生营养不良发生率较高,医学生的营养态度比师范生更积极,但部分大学生饮食行为不佳,不良饮食行为更容易导致营养不良,学校需对学生加强营养健康教育。

[ Objective ] To understand the nutritional status, attitudes and dietary behaviors of college students in Shiyan City, provide the basis for nutrition and health education. [ Methods ] The college students were collected from two colleges of Shiyan City by random cluster sampling, to conduct the questionnaire survey. By using the self-designed questionnaire about nutritional status, attitudes and dietary behaviors, the results of two colleges were compared and analyzed. [ Results] There were 781 students, including 489 students from medical university and 292 students from normal university. 229 （29.32% ） students suffered from malnutrition, 518 166.33% ） students had normal nutritional status, and 34 （4.35%） students suffered from overnutrition. The incidence rate of malnutrition in students from medical university （31.08% ） was higher than that in students from normal university （26.37% ） , but the difference was not significant （P 〉0.05）. The incidence rate of overnutrition in students from normal university （6.51% ） was higher than that in students from medical university （3.07% ） significantly （P 〈 0.05）. Most of the students had good attitude toward nutrition, and the nutritional attitude of students from medical university was significantly better than that of students from normal university. Except for the questions of ＂to choose food according to taste＂ and ＂consider that the existing diet is unreasonable＂ , the differences in answers to the remaining questions between students from medical university and students from normal university were significant （ P 〈0.05 ）. Only 23.52% students from medical university and 8.90% students from normal university have participated in the activities related to nutritional knowledge. Among 781 students, 28.94% did not eat breakfast, and the proportion of normal university students who did not eat breakfast was higher than that of medical students, but the difference was not significant （P 〉 0.05 ）. Either normal university students or medical students, malnutrition was more likely to arise from the students who did not eat breakfast （P 〈 0. 05 ）. [ Conclusion] The incidence rate of malnutrition is higher in the students of colleges, and the students from medical university have more positive attitude toward nutrition as compared with the students from normal university. However, most students have poor dietary behaviors, which may more easily lead to malnutrition. The schools should strengthen nutrition and health education among students.