形容词的格支配

The Control of Adjective Cases

与形容词共现的ガ格、ニ格、ト格多为必要格,デ格、カラ格则主要是次要格。形容词能够支配的最普遍的格成分是ガ格,语法意义最丰富的是ニ格。尽管各种不同形式的格语义上存在着交集,但使用方面各有其优先权。形容词所表达的事件结构的单一性、均质性,决定了其能够支配的格的数量较动词少,且难以与表达时间、空间意义的格共现。

Most case forms such as ga-kaku, ni-kaku and to-kaku co-occurring with adjectives are obligatory cases, while de-kaku and kara-kaku are optional cases. The most popular case form is ga-kaku while ni-kaku is the most developed one. Though different case forms can express the same meaning, some case forms may take priority over others. Due to the simplicity and homogeneity of event structures, adjectives have less control over cases than verbs and rarely co-occur with cases expressing meanings of time and location.