论平安时代汉诗文中的“脱屣”

On the Usage of Dasshi in the Heian Period

"脱屣"一词,在中国本来是指就像脱掉旧鞋子一样简单而无任何顾忌,经常用来比喻断然舍弃金钱、地位或家人。可是在日本的历来研究中,"脱屣"却被认为是只有"表示皇帝的让位"这一唯一用法。实际上,通过考察得知,这是在历史演变过程中被逐渐固定下来的用法,而在平安时代初期的汉诗文中,"脱屣"和中国文献中出现的一样,作为比喻表现被用在多种场面。由于历来研究所考察的对象具有局限性,因此得出的结论未免就会有不周全之处。因此,本论文就以此为出发点,在总结整理中国文献中用法的基础上,考察被历来研究忽视的用例,通观整个平安时代作品中"脱屣"的用法,从而达到正确理解"脱屣"的目的,并考证出"脱屣"最终只用来表示皇帝的让位,其原因是由"脱屣"一词用法的历史变迁和当时日本独特的社会历史背景所造成的。

The word dasshi which means throwing away old shoes with no misgivings in Chinese is often used to indicate giving up wealth, social status or families. However, in Japanese, dasshi only refers to an emperor＇ s abdication. In fact, it has become a set usage in the historical development process. But in the Heian Period, dasshi was used in various ways, just as it is in Chinese. Since previous studies had many limitations in the research object, the conclusions were also limited. This paper summarizes the usages of this word in Chinese documents and examines previously neglected cases. It takes a comprehensive view of dasshi in the Heian Period in order to comprehend the word correctly and prove that dasshi refers to an emperor＇ s abdication only. Both historical change as well as the unique social and historical background of Japan contribute to this change in the usage of dasshi.