目睹特大火灾1年后初中生的焦虑情绪及影响因素

Anxiety and its influencing factors of junior middle school students one year after witnessing serious fire disaster

目的:探讨目睹特大火灾1年后初中生的焦虑情绪以及影响因素。方法:采用方便抽样方法抽取距某火灾现场200m某中学初中生311名(研究组)及与之学校性质、年级相匹配的某中学430名初中生(对照组)在火灾发生后1年时进行儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查量表(SCARED)、父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)、青少年应对方式量表、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)及埃森儿童青少年创伤问卷(ETI-KJ)调查;以火灾发生1个月后相同人群的调查资料作为基线,对调查结果进行对照分析。结果:研究组焦虑情绪的变化率(6.4%)明显高于对照组(1.3%)(χ2=13.03,P<0.001);SCARED总分、广泛性焦虑及躯体化/惊恐因子分明显高于对照组(P均<0.05)。研究组中14～16岁年龄段、火灾1个月后有焦虑症状及创伤后应激障碍、应对方式为自我反思、暴力宣泄及自我感受、养育方式中父母亲过分干涉、过度保护、以及父亲拒绝否认、惩罚、严厉的学生更容易出现焦虑情绪(P均<0.05)。结论:目睹特大火灾1年后初中生焦虑情绪仍在增加;个人及环境等多种因素是其影响因素。

Objective：To explore the anxiety and its influencing factors of junior middle school students one year after witnessing serious fire disaster.Method：By using convenient sampling method,the 311 junior middle school students （study group） from a high school far from fire scene 200 m and 430 students （control group） from aother high school matched in the nature of the school and grade were assessed with screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders （SCARED）,depression self-rating scale for children（DSRSC）,egma minnen av bardndosnauppforstran（EMBU）,essen trauma inventory for kids and juvenile（ETI-KJ）and coping style for adolescents one year after fire disaster.The survey data of the same people at one month after fire disastera as a baseline,the survey results were compared and analyzed.Results：The change rate of anxiety in study group （6.4%）was significantly higher than that of control group （1.3%）（χ2=13.03,P0.001）;the total scores,generalized anxiety and somatization/panic symptom scores of SCARED were significantly higher than those in the control group（all P0.05）.The students with age of 14-16 years old,anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder one month after fire disaster,with parenting way of parents＇ overly intrusive,overprotection and fathers＇ rejection and punishment were more prone to anxiety（all P0.05）.Conclusion：Anxiety of junior middle school students who witnessing serious fire disaster after one year is still rise.Personal and environmental factors are the influence factors.