风力机叶片压电振动的主动控制研究

Active vibration control of wind turbine blades by piezoelectric materials

提出了将智能材料粘贴在叶片表面或嵌入叶片内部形成新结构的概念。本文将智能材料作为传感器和作动器,通过机电耦合抑制叶片的振动;利用有限元软件Algor分析在气动力作用下叶片的应力、应变;基于压电陶瓷第一压电方程,将风电叶片简化成柔性悬臂梁,建立了压电智能悬臂梁状态空间的动力学模型;针对此系统利用最优控制理论进行主动振动控制,设计了在系统低阶模态空间的振动控制器。最后通过计算机仿真得出:系统振动幅度缩小了约20%,振动时间减少了约80%,从而说明了此主动振动控制方法的有效性和可行性,对防止叶片这一弹性体发生颤振也起到一定的作用。

With the increasing size of wind turbine blades,the demand for more sophisticated load control techniques has attracted the interest for aerodynamic control systems with build-in intelligence materials on the blades.New structural concepts have emerged where multifunctional materials,exhibiting a strong coupling between its mechanical response and its electrical behavior,which can be acted as sensors and actuators,are embedded or bonded to composite laminates for high-performance structural applications.The paper aims to provide a way for modeling the adaptive wind turbine blades and analyze its ability for vibration suppress.The situation of piezoelectric material been applied in elastomers at home and abroad is summarized,then the piezoelectric laminated beam is used as an object and the role of piezoelectric material for vibration suppression is studied under different forces by using the mode control.This study provides a finite element model of the smart blade for wind turbines.Numerical analysis is performed by finite element method,which is used to calculate the time response of the model.The displacement response from the piezoelectric actuator and piezoelectric sensors is obtained.By using this model,an active vibration control method which can effectively suppress the vibrations of the smart blades is designed.