山西周家庄遗址出土龙山时期铜片的初步研究

A Preliminary Research of a Brass Sheet of Longshan Period Recovered at Zhoujiazhuang

本文对出土于山西绛县周家庄遗址的龙山时期铜片做了X衍射分析、电镜能谱分析和金相观察。研究表明,铜片系铜镍锌三元合金,为镍黄铜。除主要合金元素外,还含有锡、铅、硫、砷、铁等杂质。基体呈铜锌镍α固溶体再结晶晶粒和孪晶,为热锻或退火组织。铜片边缘区域有较多晶内滑移线和加工孪晶,部分晶粒破碎;铅颗粒和夹杂物有拉长变形现象。表明制作工艺为整体热锻+局部冷加工。铜片具有早期铜器的特征,属原始黄铜。铜片为中原龙山时期铜器的新材质,表明中原地区的黄铜制作技术可能从仰韶时期一直延续到龙山时期。

In this paper, XRD, SEM-EDS and metallographic examination are employed to analyze the alloy phases, composition and metallographic structure of a copper alloy sheet dating to the Longshan period which was recovered at Zhoujiazhuang, Jiangxian, Shanxi province. The results show that it is a Cu-Ni-Zn ternary alloy, belonging to nickel brass. Impurity elements Sn, Pb, S, As and Fe have been detected as well. The alloy body is shown as c^-isometric recrystal grains with a few twins after hot forging or annealing. Sliding lines in grains and deformation twins can be observed in the microstructure of the edge, where some grains are broken, with Pb particles and inclusions being lengthened and deformed. It indicates that the brass sheet was manufactured by hot forging as one piece and cold working in several parts. As it shows characteristics of early metal, this sheet is regarded as proto-brass. It is the first Longshan brass object discovered in the Central Plains. Therefore, it suggests that brass technology was possibly in use in this region during the Yangshao to Longshan period.